Maths Challenge 2

Cymraeg

Maths Challenge 2


1: RiddlesLateral Thinking

Below are five different questions - these are a modified sample from 'Mindtrap' by Spear's Games


Writing Numbers

If seven thousand, seven hundred and seven pounds is written as £7,707, how should thirteen thousand, thirteen hundred and thirteen pounds be written?


Bridge Design

Imagine two bridges that are exactly alike except that every dimension of one bridge is twice as large as the other. Which of the two bridges would be stronger, or is their strength the same?


Simple Fractions

If you divide forty by a half and add ten, what is the answer?


Birthday Conundrum

The day before yesterday Jasmin was nine years old. Next year she will be twelve. How is this possible?


No School for Ioan

Ioan explained to his father that he would not be attending school anymore. He said he had been doing some figuring and found that he just didn't have the time for classes. He reasoned, "I sleep eight hours a day and that totals 2,920 hours or 122 days a year. Saturdays and Sundays add up to 104 days a year. If I allow three hours a day for meals, that comes to 45 days a year. The summer holidays add up to 60 days and if I allow just two hours a day for TV and recreation, this amounts to an additional 30 days. If I add all these days, they total 361 and that's not including Christmas, Easter and the other holiday's we get." What is the flaw in Ioan's reasoning?

Writing Numbers

You will need to do a sum

Bridge Design

What effect will doubling the dimensions have on the mass?

Simple Fractions

You need to remember the special rule for dividing by fractions

Birthday Conundrum

This can only be true on if her birthday falls on a specific day of the year

No School for Ioan

How many times has he counted each aspect?

Writing Numbers

13,000 + 1,300 + 13 = 14,313

Bridge Design

By multiplying all dimension by two you are causing a mass increase of x8. The larger bridge would therefore collapse under its own weight.

Simple Fractions

40 ÷ ½ + 10 = 90

Birthday Conundrum

It is the 1st January and Jasmin's birthday is on the 31st December. This means she was 9 on the 30th December, 10 on the 31st December, will be eleven at the end of this year and then 12 at the end of next.

No School for Ioan

The error in his logic is that he has counted certain activities multiple times. He didn't take into account the fact he'd already counted all meals, recreation and bed times for weekends and the summer holiday before counting them as complete days.

Basic Co-ordinates

On clearing out her attic, Glenwyn found an old padlocked wooden crate.
The lock used on it was a number combination, it needed 4 digits to open.
An old, tattered piece of paper was pinned to the lid.
It read:

To whomever finds this box.

I, Tobius Flint, have locked away my most treasured possession in this box. Only those that know the year of my birth shall be able to open it.

Yours Sincerely

T.Flint

30th March 1964


(-3,4)(3,-4)(-3,2)(-1,-1)(2,2)(2,4)(1,-4)(-3,-4)(3,4)(-3,0)
(1,4)(2,-4)(-2,-2)(2,-2)(-3,1)(-1,4)(0,-4)(1,-2)(2,0)(-1,0)
(-2,4)(-1,-4)(-1,2)(3,2)(-1,1)(3,0)(-3,-2)(3,-2)(1,0)(-2,2)
(0,4)(-2,-4)(-2,2)(1,2)(-3-1)(-1,-2)
(3,1)(1,-1)(-2,0)

What is the four digit number needed to unlock this padlock?

Use squared paper and rather than plotting co-ordinates on vertices, try colouring in squares for a clearer picture

By plotting the co-ordinates into squares and colouring them according to the note you should have:

The finished grid shows the number 82 with a line both over and under it

This number could either be the man's age or the last two digits of his date of birth. Using the date on the letter, both approaches will reward you with the answer: 1882.

Shape Areas

Draw an 8 by 8 square and subdivide it into four pieces as shown below. This square has area 64.

A square made up of an 8x8 grid. There are three division lines. The first travels from 3 grid squares down on the left edge to the top right corner. The second draws a horizontal line three grid squares down from the top. The last line runs from 3 grid squares in from the left on the second line down to the bottom, 5 grid squares along from the left.

If you rearrange the four pieces you can build a rectangle whose sides are 13 and 5. This rectangle has area 65. Where did we gain an extra square? That is, how did we gain more area simply by rearranging the pieces.

A rectangle made up of a 13x5 grid. There are three division lines again. One travels straight down from 5 grid squares across the top (from the left) a total of 3 grid squares. The second runs from the bottom left corner to the top right. The third starts 8 grid squares along the base (from the left) and runs 3 grid squares straight up.

This puzzle was provided by NMSU and can be found at sofia.nmsu.edu/~pmorandi/math111f01/FibonacciPuzzle.html

Draw or print out a copy of the square, accurately cut and rearrange to make the rectangle to see how this works.

We know that shapes have a set area no matter their arrangement, so what is happening here? By printing or drawing out the initial square and cutting the shapes as shown, by rearranging physically you can see that the fit is not perfect. There are gaps which seem really small but account for the extra square of area.

4: Fashionable CombinationsCombinatorics

A fashionable shirt is manufactured in adult and child versions, 3 different sizes (S,M,L), 10 different colours and comes with 3 different accessories.

Accessories are not necessary, but can be used together in any combination.

How many different choices of shirt and accessories are available?

Number of accessory combinations are 8 (no accessories, one accessory (3 options), two accessories (3 combinations) and all accessories)

Choose either adult or child (2 options)
Choose size (3 options)
Choose colour (10 options)
Choose accessories (8 options) (none, one of three, two of three, or all three)
So total number of combinations = 2 x 3 x 10 x 8 = 480.

5: Walking through PaperFun for all Ages

For this exercise you will need a sheet of A4 paper and a pair of scissors.

Challenge: Cut a hole in the A4 piece of paper that is large enough for you to step through!

Consider how to cut the paper to make it into a long strip then cutting the hole.

This is an interesting challenge that may seem impossible at first, until you start thinking of how to make a loop rather than a hole.
The image below shows the cut lines for one way to complete this challenge.


Template for how to make a loop out of A4 paper big enough to step through.

The closer together the lines on your paper the larger the loop you can make.
It is possible to make a loop big enough to drive a car through, using just A4 paper.