Songs of the Vietnam era Elvis meets Nixon
IP 31920 The Vietnam War
Level
2
Office:
Edward Llwyd Building, Room S2a
e-mail:
saa@aber.ac.uk
Tel:
01970 622693
UWA
internal telephone ext. 2693
AIMS:
The
aim of this module is to provide students with the opportunity for an in-depth
study of military, political and historiographical issues related to the Vietnam
War
OBJECTIVES:
On
completion of this module, students should be able to:
·
Discuss
the origins of US intervention in Vietnam
·
Comprehend
the multi-faceted nature of the Vietnam War
·
Demonstrate
knowledge of the military and pacification strategies of the USA/South Vietnam
on one side, North Vietnam/Viet Cong on the other
·
Discuss
critically the Vietnam War’s main military operations and tactics
·
Analyse
the nature and impact of US media coverage of the war
·
Discuss
the extent of US anti-war protest and assess its impact on US conduct of the war
· Critically evaluate the legacies of defeat in Vietnam for post-1975 US foreign and military policy
Number
of lectures: 1 a week, each of 50
minutes
Number
of seminars: 5 x 90 mins
(fortnightly)
One
x 2 hour examination worth 60 % of the overall mark
Lecture: Tuesdays,
10
a.m. to 10.50
Seminars: Mondays, 9 a.m. (Group A) Llandinam C63 and 12 noon (Group B) Llandinam
C64; Tuesday, 3.10 p.m. (Group C) Llandinam C63; Wednesday, 9 a.m. (Group D)
Llandinam
C63 and 12 noon (Group E)
Llandinam C63
1.
From Ho
Chi Minh to Hell in a Small Place: French defeat in Indochina, 1946-54
2.
Into the
Quagmire: Eisenhower & Diem, Kennedy & Laos
3.
Westmoreland’s
War: Ground Operations, Search & Destroy and the Air Mobile Concept
4.
Westmoreland’s
War: Hearts and Minds strategies
& pacification
5.
Nixon,
Vietnamization and Cambodia: letting “Asian boys fight an Asian war”,
1969-72
6.
Intelligence
and Tet ‘68: BDA, Body Counts and Strategic Surprise
7.
Air War
Vietnam: “Bomb ‘em back to the Stone Age”
8.
Giap as
strategist: the NVA and Viet Cong ways of war
9.
“Grunts,
Gooks and the Hanoi Hilton”: Vietnam War experiences
10.
Hollywood’s
Vietnam: movies, myths and legends
11.
The
anti-war movement(s), Vietnam syndromes and legacies…
Each
seminar group meets for a two-hour class, once a fortnight (i.e. in alternate
weeks). Groups A and B will meet in
even-numbered weeks (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10); Groups C & D in odd-numbered weeks
(3, 5, 7, 9, and 11).
For
seminars a student in each group will be assigned, in advance, to prepare a
single-side summary presentation (in “bullet points” format) on each of the
topics listed below. When you are
responsible for presenting (i.e. creating a bullet-point sheet), your work must
be pre-circulated to the module tutor and all other members of your
seminar group not later than 5 p.m. on the day before your class. This is a
mandatory requirement. It will be assumed, in class, that everyone has already
read, and come armed with questions and comments about, these pre-distributed
presentations. The module tutor will ask other members of each group to critique
and respond to the presentation sheets in class.
The
bullet-point presentations must be pre-distributed as e-mails or e-mail
attachments. Remember to include the tutor, Professor Martin Alexander !
His e-mail address is saa@aber.ac.uk
Seminar
sessions will deal with the topics indicated below:
Session
1:
·
The
French and the Indochina War: Ho Chi Minh, De Lattre and Dien Bien Phu
·
Bucks,
bullets… and bodies ? US assistance to France (1949-54) and to Ngo Dinh Diem,
1955-62
·
The “key
to South-East Asia”? JFK and the problem of Laos, 1960-63
·
The
Tonkin Gulf and LBJ’s decision to escalate, 1964-65
Session
2:
·
Ground
War: the Air Cav concept in the Highlands, 1965-7
·
Ground
War: search & destroy and “alternate strategies”
·
Attrition:
Tet 1968 and “The Bloodiest Year”, 1969
·
NVA and
Viet Cong methods and tactics: Giap’s way of war
Session
3:
·
Insurgency/counterinsurgency
theories: Mao, Thompson et al.
·
Strategic
Hamlets and “oil spots”: the failure of SVN counterinsurgency
·
The “Other
War”: US approaches to pacification
·
“Inside
every South Vietnamese is an American trying to get out”: Lew Walt and the US
Marine Corps CAPs strategy
Session
4:
·
Operations
“Rolling Thunder” and “Linebacker”: bicycles, bridges, bombing halts and
coercive air power
·
Intelligence:
body counts and bean-counts
·
Intelligence:
PHOENIX and covert action programs
·
Under-estimated
ally: the ARVN, Vietnamization and the defeat of Giap’s 1972 Easter Offensive
Session
5:
·
Opposition
to the war: students, songs, draft-dodging and protests
·
Opposition
to the war: shifting press and TV attitudes
·
Vietnam
legacies: “remembering” and the veteran in society
·
Vietnam
legacies: impacts on US military doctrine and foreign policy
You
must write your essay for assessment on ONE of the questions below:
1.
Why did
the French lose their war against Ho Chi Minh, and why did the USA not do more
down to May 1954 to prevent that defeat?
2.
What
explains John F. Kennedy and his foreign policy team’s fixation on not “losing
Laos” in 1961-3, and how credible do their claims that it was the key to
control of South-East Asia now seem?
3.
Is H. R.
Macmaster’s charge that military chiefs in Washington were guilty of “dereliction
of duty” in letting the USA slide into a large-scale military commitment in
Vietnam persuasive? Give reasons why, or why not.
4.
“We had
to destroy the village in order to save it.” What operational problems and
frustrations led the US army’s conduct in the field sometimes to this illogic
by c. 1968-69?
5.
Many US
Marine Corps memoirs and histories suggest that the Corps’ pacification
strategies represented a “better kind of war”, that could have brought the
USA victory in Vietnam. Critically examine these arguments and their
plausibility.
6.
“You
could not bomb the North back to the Stone Age, because it had hardly left it.”
Was US air power never going to bring victory in Vietnam, or was the problem
that it was seriously misapplied?
7.
“In
this war with no front lines on a map, never was Intelligence more essential –
but seldom has Intelligence performed so poorly.” Discuss in regard to
Vietnam, 1962-69
8.
“The
ARVN has been grossly maligned: Vietnamization shows it could have prevented a
Communist victory if only its US ally had trusted it, trained and equipped it
for the job from 1965, not 1969.” Discuss
9.
“The
January 1973 Peace Accords resulted from what happened in the streets and homes
of America, not from what happened in the jungles of S-E Asia”. Is this a
persuasive judgement on the influence of the anti-war movement and media
hostility to the war?
10.
“There
were several Vietnam Wars, and there have been several Vietnam Syndromes.”
Identify and assess the impact of Vietnam’s legacies for the US armed
forces, US war veterans, and US foreign policy.
Essays
should be 2,500 words in length, double-spaced on A4 paper. They must have a
proper scholarly apparatus, i.e. footnotes or endnotes for direct quotations and
controversial points directly sourced from one of your “authorities”. They
must finish with a bibliography that lists authors, titles, and full publication
details of articles and books you actually used.
ESSAY DEADLINE:
THURSDAY
25 MARCH 2004 by 2. 30 p.m.
NB:
All essays are to be submitted to Glesni Rees in the Interpol General Office,
Edward Llwyd Building
REFERENCE WORKS AND ATLASES
James
S. Olson, Dictionary of the Vietnam War
(Greenwood Press, 1998)
Marc
J. Gilbert (ed.), The Vietnam War.
Teaching Approaches and Resources (Greenwood Press, 1991)
Stanley
I. Kutler (ed.), Encyclopedia of the
Vietnam War (Simon & Schuster, 1996)
Harry
G. Summers., Jr., Historical Atlas of the
Vietnam War (Houghton-Mifflin, 1989)
Neil
Sheehan, Hedrick Smith, E. W. Kenworthy, Fox Butterfield, The Pentagon Papers. Complete and Unabridged edition as published by the
New York Times (Bantam Books, 1971) esp. docs. 16-22, 25-32, pp. 115-131,
140-157; also available in the so-caled Senator Gravel edition
Bernard
C. Nalty (Consultant Ed.), The Vietnam
War. The History of America’s Conflict in South-East Asia (Salamander,
1996)
REVIEW
ARTICLES TO GET YOU “JUMP STARTED”…
Mack
T. Owens, ‘Vietnam as Military History: A Review Essay’, Joint Forces Quarterly (Winter 1993-4), pp. 112-18
Lorenzo
M. Crowell, ‘Thinking about the Vietnam war’, Journal of Military History vol. 60 (April 1996), pp. 339-357
Robert
A. Divine, ‘Vietnam reconsidered’, Diplomatic
History 12:1 (1988)
Gary
R. Hess, ‘The Unending Debate: Historians and the Vietnam War’, Diplomatic
History 18:2 (1994), pp. 239-64
SOME WEB-SITES
These
are numerous on the Vietnam War, as you would expect. But many are highly dubious, unreliable, or set up to
promote partial views or “carry the torch” for certain “causes”.
These should carry an “academic health warning” !
It
is essential that you be even more discriminating and critical when checking
web-sites than in using books and articles in journals… Anyone with a
web-authoring package can set up a web-site.
Web-sites do NOT have to go through the quality filter of pre-publication
“peer review” or “academic refereeing” applied to scholarly books and
articles in history or political science journals.
So out there in those virtual boonies, “it’s a jungle”: full of
booby-traps and ambushes for greenhorn Vietnam students newly arrived “in
country”…
However,
there are also some excellent sites. They include the oral and written archive
and resources at The Vietnam Center (Director: Dr James Reckner) at Texas Tech
University, at Lubbock, TX, which contains the important “Douglas Pike
Collection”. This Center’s web-site may be accessed at:
There
is an enormous bibliography created on-line by Edwin Moise. It is at Clemson
University in the United States, accessed at: http://hubcap.clemson.edu/~eemoise/bibliography.html
Also
the scholarly debate generated by Fred Logevall’s book Choosing War (Univ. of California Press, 1999), on the H-DIPLO web
site, accessible at:
and:
http://www.vassun.vassar.edu/~vietnam/
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/vietnam.html
Gerard
J. DeGroot, A Noble Cause ? America and
the Vietnam War (Macmillan, 2000)
Larry
H. Addington, America’s War in Vietnam.
A Short Narrative History (Indiana University Press, 2000)
Kevin
Ruane, The Vietnam Wars (Manchester
Univ. Press, 2000)
idem,
War and Revolution in Vietnam, 1930-1975
(UCL Press, 1985)
Robert
J. McMahon (ed.), Major Problems in the
History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays (Heath & Co., 1995)
William
Appleman Williams, Thomas McCormick, Lloyd Gardner and Walter LaFeber (eds.), America
in Vietnam. A Documentary History (W. W. Norton, 1989)
Harry
G. Summers, Jr., On Strategy. The Vietnam
War in Retrospect (Presidio Press, 1982)
Robert
D. Schulzinger, A Time for War. The United
States and Vietnam, 1945-75 (Oxford Univ. Press, 1997)
Peter
Lowe (ed.), The Vietnam War
(Macmillan, 1998)
Spencer
C. Tucker, Vietnam (UCL Press, 1998)
Walter
Capps, The Vietnam Reader (Routledge,
1991)
Dennis
E. Showalter & John G. Albert (eds.), An
American Dilemma. Vietnam, 1964-1973 (Chicago: Imprint Publications, 1993)
George
C. Herring, America’s Longest War: The
United States and Vietnam, 1950-75 (Magraw Hill, 3rd edn. 1996)
Bernard
C. Nalty (Ed.), The Vietnam War. The
History of America’s Conflict in South-East Asia (Salamander Books, 1996)
Michael
Maclear, Vietnam: The Ten Thousand Day War
(Thames-Methuen, 1981)
Edgar
O’Ballance, The Wars in Vietnam, 1954-73
(Ian Allen, 1975)
Marilyn
B. Young, The Vietnam Wars, 1945-1990
(Harper-Collins, 1991)
William
H. Chafe, Unfinished Journey. America
since World War Two (Oxford UP, 3rd edn. 1995), chs. 7-14
Guenter
Lewy, America in Vietnam (Oxford UP,
1978)
Stanley
Karnow, Vietnam: A History (Pimlico,
1991)
Robert
Buzzanco, Vietnam and the Transformation
of American Life (Blackwell, 1999)
P.
Kattenburg, Vietnam: Trauma in Foreign
Policy, 1945-75 (Transaction Books, 1980)
George
D. Moss, Vietnam: An American Ordeal
(Prentice-Hall, 2nd edn., 1994)
Phillip
B. Davidson, Vietnam at War: The History,
1946-75 (Sidgwick pbk, 1993)
Ralph
B. Smith, An International History of the
Vietnam War
I: Revolution
versus Containment, 1955-61
(Macmillan, 1983)
II: The Struggle for South-East
Asia, 1961-65 (Macmillan, 1987)
III: The Making of a Limited War,
1965-66 (Macmillan, 1991)
William
C. Gibbons, The US Government and the
Vietnam War Part I and Pt. II (Princeton UP, 1986)
Neil
L. Jameson, Understanding Vietnam (U
of California Press, 1993)
Gabriel
Kolko, Vietnam: Anatomy of a War, 1940-75
(Pantheon Books, 1985; reissued by The New Press, 1994)
Robert
L. Gallucci, Neither Peace nor Honor: The
politics of American military policy in Vietnam (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press,
1975)
Leslie
H. Gelb with Richard K. Betts, The Irony
of Vietnam: The System Worled (Brookings Institution, 1979)
Maurice
Larkin, France since the Popular Front.
Government and People, 1936-86 (Oxford UP, 1987), pp. 232-7
Raymond
F. Betts, France and Decolonization,
1900-62 (Macmillan, 1991)
Anthony
Short, The Origins of the Vietnam War
(Longman: 1989)
Martin
Shipway, The Road to War. France and
Vietnam, 1944-47 Berghahn Books, 1996)
Marianna
P. Sullivan, France’s Vietnam Policy. A
Study in French-American Relations (Praeger, 1978)
Nicola
Cooper, France in Indochina. Colonial
Encounters (Berg, 2001)
Anthony
Clayton, The Wars of French Decolonization
(Longman-Pearson, 1994)
Douglas
Porch, ‘Calamity on the R.C. 4’, Military
History Quarterly vol. 3:4 (1991), pp. 80-99
Robert
F. Randle, Geneva 1954: The Settlement of
the Indochinese War (Princeton University Press, 1969)
Philippe
Devilliers and Jean Lacouture, End of a
War: Indochina, 1954 (Praeger, 1969)
Lucien
Bodard, The Quicksand War: Prelude to
Vietnam (Faber & Faber, 1967)
Peter
M. Dunn, The First Vietnam War
(Christopher Hurst, 1985)
Bernard
Fall, Hell in a Very Small Place. The
Siege of Dien-Bien-Phu (J.B. Lippincott, 1967)
Howard
R. Simpson, Dien-Bien-Phu: The Epic Battle
America Forgot (Brassey’s, 1994; pbk. 196)
Alexander
Zervoudakis, ‘Nihil mirare, Nihil comptere, Omnia intelligere.
Franco-Vietnamese intelligence in Indochina, 1950-54’, in Intelligence & National Security 13/1 (Spring 1998), pp. 198-222
Joint
Secretariat of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: Historical Division, The
History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: The War in Vietnam. History of the
Indochina Incident, 1940-1954 vol. I (Michael Glazier Inc., 1981), pp.
481-98
Gary
R. Hess, Vietnam and the United States.
Origins and legacy of War (Revised edn., Twayne Publishing/Prentice Hall,
1998), chs. 2-3
REVOLUTIONARY WAR AND NORTH VIETNAMESE PERSPECTIVES
John
Shy and Thomas Collier, ‘Revolutionary War’, in Peter Paret (ed.), Makers
of Modern Strategy. From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age (Princeton UP,
1986), ch. 27, pp. 815-62
Samuel
B. Griffith (ed.), Mao Tse-Tung on
Guerrilla Warfare (Univ. of Illinois Press pbk. Den. 2000)
Ian
F. W. Beckett, Modern Isurgencies and
Counter-insurgencies. Guerrilla warfare since 1750 (Routledge, 2001)
George
K. Tanham, Communist Revolutionary
Warfare: The Vietminh in Indochina (Methuen, 1962)
Douglas
Pike, Viet Cong. The Organisation and
Techniques of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (MIT Press,
1966)
idem,
PAVN
Paul
B. Rich and Richard Stubbs, The
Counter-insurgent state. Guerrilla Warfare and State-Building in the 20th
Century (Macmillan, 1997)
Donald
W. Hamilton, The Art of Insurgency:
American military policy and the failure of strategy in South-east Asia (Praeger,
1998)
Robert
B. Asprey, War in the Shadows. The Classic
History of Guerrilla Warfare from Ancient Persia to the present (Little,
Brown & Co., 1994)
Frances
Fitzgerald, Fire in the Lake. The
Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam (Little, Brown & Co., 1972)
Michael
Lee Lanning and Dan Cragg, Inside the VC
and NVA. The Real Story of North Vietnam’s Armed Forces (Random House,
1992)
Karen
Gottschang Turner (Phan Thanh Hao), Even
the Women Must Fight. Memories of War from North Vietnam (John Wiley, 1998)
D.
Chanoff and Doan Van Toai, Vietnam: A
Portrait of its People at War
J.
W. Trullinger, A Village at War. An
Account of Conflict in Vietnam
Joseph
Buttinger, The Smaller Dragon. A Political
History of Vietnam (Praeger, 1968)
William
I. Duiker, The Communist Road to Power in
Vietnam (Westview Press, 1981), chs. 10-11
idem,
US Containment Policy and the Conflict in
Indochina (Stanford UP, 1994)
Neil
L. Jamieson, Understanding Vietnam
(Univ. of California Press, 1995)
Gary
R. Hess, Vietnam and the United States.
Origins and Legacies (Revised edn., Twayne/Prentice hall, 1998), chs. 1, 4,
5
David
L. Anderson, Trapped by Success: The
Eisenhower Administration and Vietnam, 1953-1961 (Columbia Univ. Press,
1991)
James
R. Arnold, The First Domino: Eisenhower,
the Military and America’s Intervention in Vietnam (William Morrow, 1991)
Peter
S. Usowski, Intelligence Estimates and
US Policy towards Laos, 1960-63’,
Intelligence & National Security 6:2 (1991), pp. 367-94
Peter
T. White and W. E. Garrett, ‘Report on Laos’, National Geographic vol. 120:2 (Aug. 1961), pp. 241-75
Norman
B. Hannah, The Key to Failure: Laos and
the Vietnam War (Madison, 1987)
Timothy
N. Castle, At War in the Shadow of
Vietnam. US Military Aid to the Royal Lao Government, 1955-1975 (Columbia
Univ. Press, 1993)
Stanley
G. Langland, ‘The Laos factor in the Vietnam Equation’, International Affairs 45:4 (Oct. 1969)
Roger
Warner, Backfire: The CIA’s Secret War
in Laos and its link to the War in Vietnam (Simon & Schuster, 1995)
Joseph
G. Morgan, The Vietnam Lobby. The American
Friends of Vietnam, 1955-1975 (Univ. of N. Carolina Press, 1997)
David
L. Anderson (ed.), Shadow on the White
House. Presidents and the Vietnam War, 1945-1975 (University Press of
Kansas, 1993)
Andrew
J. Rotter, The Path to Vietnam. The
Origins of American Commitment to South-East Asia (Cornell Univ. Press,
1987)
Lawrence
Freedman, Kennedy’s Wars. Berlin, Cuba,
Laos and Vietnam (Oxford University Press, 2000), Pt. V: chs. 31-41
David
E. Kaiser, American Tragedy. Kennedy,
Johnson and the Origins of the Vietnam War (Belknap Press, 2000)
Brian
Van de Mark, Into the Quagmire: Lyndon
Johnson and the Escalation of the Vietnam War (Oxford Univ. Press, 1991;
reissued in pb. 1995)
H.
R. McMaster, Dereliction of Duty. Lyndon
Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Lies that Led to
Vietnam (Harper Collins, 1997)
David
M. Barrett, Uncertain Warriors: Lyndon
Johnson and his Vietnam Advisors (University Press of Kansas, 1995)
Diane
B. Kunz (ed.), The Diplomacy of the
Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations during the 1960s (Columbia Univ.
Press, 1994)
Warren
I Cohen and Nancy B. Tucker, Lyndon
Johnson confronts the World: American Foreign Policy, 1963-1968 (Cambridge
Univ. Press, 1994), chs. 3-5
James
A. Bill, George Ball: Behind the Scenes in
US Foreign Policy (Yale Univ. Press, 1997), pp. 150-175
Fredrik
Logevall, Choosing War. The Lost Chance
for Peace and the Escalation of ar in Vietnam (Univ. of California Press,
1999)
Robert
Mann, The Grand Delusion. America’s
Descent into Vietnam (Basic Books, 2001)
Lyndon
Baines Johnson, The Vantage Point:
Perspectives of the Presidency, 1963-69 (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1971;
UK edn. By Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973)
Robert
Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and
His Times (Oxford Univ. Press, 1997)
Michael
R. Beschloss (ed.), Taking Charge. The
Johnson White House Tapes, 1963-64 ( Simon & Schuster, 1997)
Paul
K. Conkin, Big Daddy From the Pedernales.
Lyndon Baines Johnson (Twayne, 1986)
Larry
Berman, Lyndon Johnson’s War. The Road
to Stalemate in Vietnam (W. W. Norton, 1989)
David
Halberstam, The Best and the Brightest
(Random House, 1976)
Michael
H. Hunt, Lyndon Johnson’s War. America’s
Cold War Crusade in Vietnam, 1945-1968 (Hill and Wang, 1996)
Richard
M. Nixon, No More Vietnams (Arbor
House, 1985)
idem,
RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (Grosset
& Dunlop, 1978)
idem,
The Real War (Sidgwick and Jackson,
1980)
idem,
In The Arena (Simon & Schuster,
1990)
Stephen
E. Ambrose, Nixon. Vol. 2: Triumph,
1962-1972 (Simon & Schuster, 1990)
Melvin
Small, Johnson, Nixon and the Doves
(Rutgers Univ. Press, 1989)
Terry
Dietz, Republicans and Vietnam, 1961-6
(Greenwood Press, 1986)
Jeffrey
Kimball, Nixon’s Vietnam War (Univ.
Press of Kansas, 1998)
Dean
Acheson, Present At The Creation: Memoirs
(W. W. Norton, 1969)
Anne
E. Blair, Lodge in Vietnam. A Patriot
Abroad (Yale UP, 1995)
Frederick
W. Nolting, From Trust to Tragedy: The
Political Memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy’s Ambassador to Diem’s
Vietnam (Praeger, 1988)
Douglas
Pike (ed.), The Bunker Papers: Reports to
the President from Vietnam, 1967-1973 (Univ. of California Institute of East
Asian Studies, 1990)
Bui
Diem (South Vietnam’s ambassador to the USA), with David Chanoff, In
the Jaws of History (Houghton Mifflin, 1987)
Dean
Rusk, As I Saw It (W. W. Norton, 1991)
Thomas
J. Schoenbaum, Waging Peace and War. Dean
Rusk in the Truman, Kennedy and Johnson Years (Simon & Schuster, 1988),
chs. 8-16
George
Ball, The Past Has Another Pattern.
Memoirs (W.W. Norton, 1982)
James
A. Bill, George Ball. Behind the Scenes in
US Foreign Policy (Yale UP, 1997)
Warren
I. Cohen and Nancy L. Tucker (eds.), Lyndon
Johnson confronts the World. American Foreign Policy 1963-1968 (Cambridge
UP, 1994)
J.
William Fulbright (with Seth P. Tillman), The
Price of Empire (Pantheon, 1989)
Randall
Bennett Woods, J. William Fulbright,
Vietnam and the Search for a Cold War Foreign Policy (Cambridge Univ. Press,
1998)
idem,
Fulbright: A Biography (1995)
Roger
Hilsman, To Move a Nation. The Politics of
Foreign Policy in the Administration of John F. Kennedy (Doubleday, 1967)
Henry
Kissinger, White House Years (Little,
Brown & Co., 1979), chs. 8, 12, 23, 25, 27, 31-34
idem,
Diplomacy (Simon & Schuster, 1994)
Walter
Isaacson, Kissinger: A Biography
(Simon & Schuster, 1992)
Roger
Morris, Uncertain Greatness: Henry
Kissinger and American Foreign Policy (Quartet Books, 1979)
Deborah
Shapley, Power and Promise: The Life and
Times of Robert S. McNamara (Little, Brown & Co., 1993)
Robert
S. McNamara with Brian Van De Mark, In
Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (Times Books, 1995)
Robert
S. McNamara with James Blight and Robert K. Brigham, Argument without End. In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy (Perseus
Books, 1999)
McGeorge
Bundy, Living with the Bomb: The First
Fifty Years (1995)
Clark
M. Clifford (with Richard Holbrooke), Counsel
to the President. A Memoir (Random House, 1991), chs. 23-32, pp. 337-614
Paul
H. Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost. At
the Center of Decision. A Memoir (Grove Weidenfeld, 1992), ch. 15: “The
Vietnam Imbroglio”, pp. 255-82
Xiaoming
Zhang, ‘The Vietnam War, 1964-1969: A Chinese Perspective’, Journal
of Military History 60:4 (Oct. 1996)
Chen
Jian, ‘China’s involvement of in the Vietnam War, 1964-1969’ China
Quarterly no. 141 (June 1995)
John
W. Garver, ‘The Chinese Threat during the Vietnam War’, Parameters: The Journal of the US Army War College 22:1 (Spring
1992)
Robert
Garson, ‘Lyndon Johnson and the China Enigma’, Journal of Contemporary History 31:1 (Jan. 1997)
Rosemary
Foot, The Practice of Power: US Relations
with China since 1949 (Clarendon Press, 1995)
Qiang
Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars,
1950-1975 (Univ. of N. Carolina Press, 2000)
THE GROUND WAR IN VIETNAM: US DOCTRINE, SEARCH & DESTROY AND AIR MOBILITY
Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr.,The Army and Vietnam (Johns Hopkins UP, 1986) chs. 4-10, pp. 100-275
idem, ‘Recovery from Defeat: The US Army and Vietnam’,
in George J. Andreopoulos and Harold E. Selesky (eds.), The Aftermath of Defeat: Societis, Armed Forces and the Challenge of
Recovery (Yale Univ. Press, 1994), ch. 7, pp. 124-42
Peter
M. Dunn, ‘The American Army: The Vietnam War, 1965-1973’, in Ian F. W.
Beckett (ed.), Armed Forces and Modern
Counterinsurgency (Croom Helm, 1985), ch. 3, pp. 77-100
Col.
Charles F. Brower, ‘Strategic Reassessment in Vietnam: The Westmoreland “Alternate
Strategy” of 1967-68’, in Naval War
College Review XLIV:2 sequence 334 (Spring 1991), pp. 20-51
Robert
H. Scales, Jr., Firepower in Limited War
(Presidio, 1994), chs. 1-3, pp. 3-154
Joel
D. Meyerson, ‘War Plans and Politics: Origins of the American Base of Supply
in Vietnam’, in John A. Lynn (ed.), Feeding
Mars. Logistics in Western Warfare from the Middle Ages to the Present (Westview,
1993), ch. 12, pp. 271-287
Jospeh
M. Heiser, Logistic Support (US dept.
of the Army Center of Military History Vietnam Studies, pub. 90-15, 1974,
reissued 1991)
Russell
F. Weigley, History of the United States
Army (Indiana Univ. Press, revised edn., 1984), chs. 22-23
idem,
The American Way of War. A History of
United States Military Strategy and Policy (Indiana Univ. Press, 1973 &
1977), pp. 441-479
Shelby
L. Stanton, The Rise and Fall of an
American Army. US Ground Forces in Vietnam, 1965-1973 (Presidio, 1988; repr.
1995)
Cecil
B. Currey, Self-Destruction: The
Disintegration and Decay of the US Army in the Vietnam Era (1981)
James
R. Ebert, A Life in A Year: The American
Infantryman in Vietnam, 1965-1972 (Presidio, 1993)
Mark
W. Woodruff, Unheralded Victory. Who Won
the Vietnam War ? (Harper Collins, 1999), Pt. II “The Defeat of the North
Vietnamese Army, 1965-73”
Douglas
Kinnard, The War Managers. American
Generals Reflect on Vietnam (Da Capo, 1991)
Dave
R. Palmer, Summons of the Trumpet. A
History of the Vietnam War from a Military Man’s Viewpoint (Presidio,
1978; and Ballantine pbk, 1984 and 1990)
Gen.
Bruce Palmer, Jr., The 25 Year War.
America’s Military Role in Vietnam (Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1984)
Eric
M. Bergerud, Red Thunder, Tropic
Lightning: The World of a Combat Division in Vietnam (Westview, 1993)
Harold
G. Moore & Joseph Galloway, We Were
Soldiers Once and Young… Ia Drang, the Battle that Changed the War in Vietnam
(Random House, 1992)
Lt.
Gen.. John J. Tolson, Vietnam Studies: Air
Mobility, 1961-1971 (Dept. of the Army: US Army Center of Military History,
1973)
Kenneth
D. Mertel, Year of the Horse. 1st
Air Cavalry in the Highlands, 1965-67 (Schiffer, 1997)
Paul
D. Walker, Jungle Dragoon. The Memoir of
an Armored Cav Platoon Leader in Vietnam (Presidio, 1999)
Gen.
Don A. Starry, Mounted Combat in Vietnam
(Dept. of the Army Center of Military History, 1978)
James
F. Humphries, Through the Valley. Vietnam,
1967-68 (Lynne Reiner, 1999)
Michael
D. Mahler, Ringed in Steel: Armored
Cavalry, Vietnam, 1967-68 (Presidio, 1986; reissued 1998)
Otto
J. Lehrack, No Shining Armor. The Marines
at War in Vietnam. An Oral History (Univ. Press of Kansas, 1992), Pt. 2 “Fighting
the NVA: war against Professionals, 1966-68”
Ronald
H. Spector, After Tet. The Bloodiest Year
in Vietnam (Free Press, 1993)
Samuel
Zaffiri, Hamburger Hill. May 11-20, 1969
(Arms & Armour Press, 1988)
Keith
W. Nolan, Death Valley. The Summer
Offensive, I Corps, August 1969 (Presidio, 1987)
Gerald
H. Turley, The Easter Offensive. The Last
American Advisors, 1972 (Presidio, 1985)
Dale
Andradé, Trial by Fire. The 1972 Easter
Offensive. Ameerica’s Last Vietnam Battle (Hippocrene Books, 1995)
Lt.
Col. James H. Willbanks, Thiet Giap! The
Battle of An Loc, April 1972 (Ft. Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute,
1993)
Col.
Francis J. Kelly, Vietnam Studies: US Army
Special Forces, 1961-1971 (Dept. of the Army: US Army Center of Military
History, 1985)
Sir
Robert Thompson, Defeating Communist
Insurgency. Malaya and Vietnam (Oxford UP, 1966)
idem,
Make for the Hills. Memoirs of Far Eastern
Wars (Leo Cooper, 1989), pp. 122-189
John
J. McCuen, The Art of
Counter-Revolutionary War (Faber & Faber, 1966)
Douglas
S. Blaufarb, The Counterinsurgency Era: US
Doctrine and Performance, 1950 to the Present (Free Press, 1977)
Richard
A. Hunt, Pacification. The American
Struggle for Vietnam’s Hearts and Minds (Westview Press, 1995)
Ian
F. W. Beckett, ‘Robert Thompson and the British Advisory Mission to South
Vietnam, 1961-65’, Small Wars and
Insurgencies 8:3 (Winter 1997), pp. 41-63
Larry
E. Cable, Conflict of Myths. The
Development of American Counterinsurgency Doctrine and the Vietnam War (New
York Univ. Press, 1986)
idem,
Unholy Grail: The United States and the
Wars in Vietnam, 1965-68 (Routledge, 1992)
Jeffrey
Race, War Comes to Long An. Revolutionary
Conflict in a Vietnam Province (Da Capo, 1977)
Eric
M. Bergerud, The Dynamics of Defeat. The
Vietnam War in Hau Nghia Province (Westview, 1991)
Francis
J. West, Jr., The Village (Harper
& Row, 1972; reissued by Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1985)
James
W. Trullinger, Village at War. An account
of conflict in Vietnam (Longman,
1980; reissued by Stanford Univ. Press 1994)
Michael
A. Hennessy, Strategy in Vietnam: The
Marines and Revolutionary Warfare in I Corps, 1965-72 (Praeger, 1997)
Gen.
Victor Krulak, First to Fight. An Inside
View of the US Marine Corps (US Naval Institute Press, 1984)
Al
Hemingway, Our War Was Different: Marine
Combined Action Platoons in Vietnam (US Naval Institute Press, 1994)
Otto
Lehrack, No Shining Armor. The Marines at
War in Vietnam (Univ. Press of Kansas, 1992), Pt. 1 “Fighting the
Viet-cong: war against Guerrillas, 1965-66”
Michael
E. Peterson, The Combined Action Platoons:
The US Marines Other War in Vietnam (Praeger, 1989)
Mark
W. Woodruff, Unheralded Victory: Who Won
the Vietnam War ? (Harper Collins, 1999), Pt. I: “The Defeat of the Viet
Cong, 1961-71”
Philip
Towle, Pilots and Rebels: The Use of
Aircraft in Unconventional warfare, 1918-1988 (Brassey’s, 1989)
Paul.
F. Cecil, Herbicidal Warfare: The RANCH HAND project in Vietnam (Praeger,
1986)
Mark
Moyar, Phoenix and the Birds of Prey: The
CIA’s Secret Campaign to Destroy the Viet Cong (US Naval Institute Press,
1997)
Stuart
A. Herrington, Stalking the Viet Cong:
Inside Operation ‘Phoenix’. A Personal Account (Presidio, 1982; reissued
in pb., 1997)
William
C. Westmoreland, A Soldier Reports
(Doubleday, 1972; reissued as a Dell pb., 1980))
Samuel
Zaffiri, Westmoreland. A Biography of
General William C. Westmoreland (William Morrow, 1996)
Lewis
Sorley, Thunderbolt: From the Battle of
the Bulge to Vietnam and Beyond: General Creighton W. Abrams and the Army of His
Times (Simon & Schuster, 1992; reissued by Brassey’s, 1998)
idem,
Honorable Warrior. General Harold K.
Johnson and the Ethics of Command (Univ. Press of Kansas, 1998)
Adm.
Ulysses S. Grant Sharp, Strategy for
Defeat. Vietnam in Retrospect (Presidio, 1978)
Gen.
Maxwell D. Taylor, Swords and Plowshares.
A Memoir (W. W. Norton, 1972: reissued by Da Capo, 1997)
idem,
The Uncertain Trumpet (1961)
Sam
Adams, War of Numbers. An Intelligence
Memoir (Steerforth Press, 1994)
Harold
P. Ford, CIA and Vietnam Policymakers:
Three Episodes, 1962-1968 (Langley, VA: CIA Center for the Study of
Intelligence, 1998)
Chester
Cooper, The Lost Crusade. America in
Vietnam (Dodd, Mead & Co., 1970)
Lt.
Gen. Phillip Davidson, Secrets of the
Vietnam War (Presidio Press, 1990)
Maj.-Gen.
Joseph A. McChristian, The Role of
Military Intelligence, 1965-67 (Washington DC, Dept. of the US Army Center
of Military History, 1974)
William
E. Colby (with Peter Forbath), Honorable
Men. My Lief in the CIA (Simon & Schuster, 1978), chs. 5-9
idem
(with James McCargar), Lost Victory. A
First-hand Account of America’s Sixteen Year Involvement in Vietnam
(Chicago, 1989)
Thomas
Powers, The Man who Kept the Secrets:
Richard Helms and the CIA (Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), chs. 10-11
James
J. Wirtz, TheTet Offensive: Intelligence
Failure in War (Cornell University Press, 1991)
idem,
‘”Intelligence to Please” ? The
Order-of-Battle controversy during the Vietnam War’, Political Science Quarterly Summer 1991
John
Prados, ‘The Warning That Left Something to Chance: Intelligence at Tet’;
and Larry E. Cable, ‘Don’t Bother Me with the Facts: I’ve Made Up My Mind’,:
The Tet Offensive in the Context of US Policy and Strategy’, both in Marc
Jason Gilbert and William Head (eds.), The
tet Offensive (Praeger, 1996), chs. 9-10, pp. 143-65 and 167-80.
Ronnie
E. Ford, Tet 1968: Understanding the
Surprise (Frank Cass, 1995)
idem,
‘Intelligence and the Significance of Khe Sanh’, Intelligence & National Security 10:1 (Jan. 1995), pp. 144-169
Thomas
L. Cubbage, ‘Westmoreland vs. CBS: Was Intelligence corrupted by policy
demands?’, Intelligence & National
Security 3:3 (July 1988)
Christopher
M. Andrew, For the President’s Eyes
Only. Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush
(Harper Collins, 1995), chs. 7-9
Kenneth
Conboy (with James Morrison), Shadow War.
The CIA’s Secret War in Laos (Paladin, 1995)
Frank
Snepp, Decent Interval. An Insider Account
of Saigon’s Indecent End told by the CIA’s Chief Strategy Analyst in Vietnam
(Vintage Books, 1977)
James
R. Arnold, Tet Offensive 1968. Turning
Point in Vietnam (Osprey, 1990)
Ronnie
E. Ford, Tet 1968. Understanding the
Surprise (Frank Cass, 1995)
Marc
J. Gilbert and William Head (eds.), The
Tet Offensive (Praeger, 1996)
Ang
Chen Guan, ‘Khe Sanh – From the perspective of the North Vietnamese
Communists’, War in History 8:1
(Jan. 2001), pp. 87-98
THE AIR CAMPAIGNS
A.L.
Gropman, ‘The Air War in Vietnam, 1961-1973’, in R. A. Mason (ed.), War
in the Third Dimension. Essays in Contemporary Air Power (Brassey’s, 1986)
Melden
E. Smith, ‘The Strategic Bombing Debate: The Second World War and Vietnam’, Journal
of Contemporary History12 (1977), pp. 175-191
Kenneth
P. Werrell, ‘Did USAF Technology Fail in Vietnam ? Three Case Studies’, Airpower
Journal 12 (1) Spring 1998
Mark
Clodfelter, The Limits of Air Power. The
American Bombing of North Vietnam (Free Press, 1989)
Earl
H. Tilford Jr., Set Up. What the Air Force
did in Vietnam, and Why (Air Univ. Press, 1991)
idem,
Crosswinds: The Air Force’s Set-Up in
Vietnam (Texas A&M Univ. Press, 1993)
Drew
Middleton (intro.), Air War Vietnam
(Arms & Armour Press, 1978)
Raphael
Littauer and Norman Uphoff (eds.), The Air
War in Indochina (Beacon Press, 1972)
John
T. Smith, Rolling Thunder. The Strategic
Bombing Campaign, North Vietnam, 1965-68 (Air Research Publications, 1994)
Ibid.,
The Linebacker Raids. The Bombing of North
Vietnam, 1972 (Arms & Armour Press, 1998)
Mark
Jacobsen, ‘President Johnson and the Decision to Curtail “Rolling Thunder”’,
in M. J. Gilbert and W. Head (eds.), The
Tet Offensive (Praeger, 1996), ch. 13, pp. 215-229
Robert
A. Pape, Bombing to Win: Air Power and
Coercion in War (Cornell Univ. Press, 1996)
Marshall
L. Michel III, Clashes. Air Combat over
North Vietnam, 1965-1972 (Airlife Publishing, 1997)
Herman
L. Gilster, The Air War in South-East
Asia. Case Studies of Selected Campaigns
(Air Univ. Press, 1993)
John
B. Nichols and Barrett Tillman, On Yankee
Station. The Naval Air War over Vietnam (US Naval Institute Press, 1987)
Peter
B. Mersky and Norman Polmar, The Naval Air
War in Vietnam (2nd edn., Nautical & Aviation Publishing Co.,
1986)
Marshall
Harrison, A Lonely Kind of War. Forward
Air Controller Vietnam (Presidio, 1989)
John
P. Flanagan, Vietnam Above the Treetops. A
Forward Air Controller Reports (Praeger, 1992)
Donald
J. Mrozek, Air Power and the Ground War in
Vietnam. Ideas and Actions (Air Univ. Press, 1988)
J.
D. Coleman, Choppers. The Heroic Birth of
Helicopter Warfare (St Martin’s Press, 1988) – first published under
title, Pleiku
NVA AND VIET CONG STRATEGY AND FIGHTING METHODS
William
I. Duiker, Ho Chi Minh. A Life
(Hyperion Books, 2000)
Robert
K. Brigham, Guerrilla Diplomacy. The NLF’s
foreign relations and the Vietnam War (Cornell U.P., 1999)
Michael
Lee Lanning and Dan Cragg, Inside the VC
and NVA. The Real Story of North Vietnam’s Armed Forces (Ivy Books, 1992)
David
Chanoff and Doan Van Toai, Vietnam: A
Portrait of Its People At War (I. B. Tauris, 1996) – first published by
Tauris under the title: Protrait of the
Enemy (1987)
Peter
MacDonald, Giap, the Victor in Vietnam
(Fourth Estate, 1993)
Robert
O’Neill, General Giap: Politician and
Strategist (Cassell of Australia, 1969)
John
Colvin, Volcano under Snow: Vo Nguyen Giap
(Quartet Books, 1996)
Cecil
Currey, Victory at any Cost. The genius of
Vietnam’s General Vo Nguyen Giap (Aurum Press, 1997)
Vo
Nguyen Giap, People’s War, People’s
Army (Hanoi: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1966, reissued 1974)
idem,
Big Victory, Great Task. North Vietnam’s
Minister of Defense Assesses the Course of the War (Praeger, 1968, Intro. By
David Schoenbrun)
Bui
Tin, Following Ho Chi Minh. Memoirs of a
North Vietnamese Colonel (Christopher Hurst & Co., 1995)
Bao
Ninh, The Sorrow of War (Minerva,
1994)– a North Vietnamese novel of the war by a veteran of the NVA 27th
Youth Bde. Formed in 1969
CAMBODIA
William
Shawcross, Sideshow. Nixon, Kissinger and
the Destruction of Cambodia (André Deutsch, 1979)
David
P. Chandler, A History of Cambodia
(Westview Press, 2nd updated edn., 1996)
idem,
The Tragedy of Cambodian History.
Politics, War and Revolution since 1945
(Yale Univ. Press, 1991)
Milton
Osbourne, Sihanouk: Prince of Light,
Prince of Darkness (George Allen & Unwin, 1996)
Ben
Kiernan, The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power
and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1957-79
(Yale Univ. Press, 1996)
Arnold
R. Isaacs, Without Honor. Defeat in
Vietnam and Cambodia (Johns Hopkins UP, 1983) chs. 7-8
ATROCITIES
Michael
Bilton and Kevin Sim, Four Hours in My Lai
(Penguin, 1993)
David
L. Anderson, Facing My Lai. Moving Beyond
the Massacre (Univ. Press of Kansas, 1998)
Body
Count. Lieutenant Calley’s Story as told to John Sack (Hutchinson, 1970)
ANTI-WAR MOVEMENTS, PROTESTS AND PEACEMAKING
Arnold
R. Isaacs, Without Honor. Defeat in
Vietnam and Cambodia, Chs. 1,2,3
Charles
DeBenedetti, An American Ordeal. The
Anti-War Movement of the Vietnam Era (Syracuse Univ. Press, 1992)
Robert
Buzzanco, Masters of War. Military Dissent
and Politics in the Vietnam Era (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996)
Rhodri
Jeffreys-Jones, Peace Now! American
Society and the Ending of the Vietnam War (Yale Univ. Press, 1999)
idem,
Changing Differences. Women and the
Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1917-1994 (Rutgers Univ. Press, 1995)
Amy
Swerdlow, Women Strike for Peace:
Traditional Motherhood and Radical Politics in the 1960s (Univ. of Chicago
Press, 1993)
David
L. Schalk, War and the Ivory Tower:
Algeria and Vietnam (Oxford Univ. Press, 1991)
Kenneth
J. Heineman, Campus Wars: The Peace
Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era (New York Univ.
Press, 1993)
Jeffrey
Walsh, The Vietnam Anti-war Movement: An
International Perspective (J.
Wiley, 1994)
Norman
Mailer, The Armies of the Night: History
as a Novel, the Novel as History (Signet Books, 1968)
Tom
Hayden, Reunion: A Memoir (Random
House, 1988)
William
J. McGill, The Year of the Monkey: Revolt
on Campus, 1968-69 (Magraw-Hill, 1982)
Gerard
J. De Groot, ‘The Limits of Moral Protest and Participatory democracy: The
Vietnam Day Committee’, Pacific
Historical Review 64:1 (1995)
idem,
‘Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970’, Pacific
Historical Review 65:1 (1996), pp. 107-29
James
Miller, Democracy is in the Streets: From
Port Huron to the Siege of Chicago (Harvard Univ. Press, 1987; reissued
1994)
William
G. Mayer, The Changing American Mind: How
and Why American Public Opinion Changed between 1960 and 1988 (Univ. of
Michigan Press, 1992)
Tom
Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle
over Vietnam (Univ. of California Press, 1994)
Melvin
Small, Covering Dissent: The Media and the
Anti-Vietnam War Movement (Rutgers Univ. Press, 1994)
George
Q. Flynn, The Draft, 1940-1973 (Univ.
Press of Kansas, 1993)
Sherry
Gershon Gottlieb (ed.), Hell, No, We Won’t
Go! Resisting the Draft during the Vietnam War (Viking Books, 1991)
Christian
G. Appy, Working-Class War: American
Combat Soldiers and Vietnam (Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1993)
Robert
W. Mullen, Blacks and Vietnam
(University Press of America, 1981)
James
E. Westheider, Fighting on Two Fronts:
Africa-Americans and the ietnam War (New York Univ. Press, 1997)
Bernard
C. Nalty, Strength for the Fight. A
History of Black Americans in the Military (Free Press, 1986)
Daniel
Hallin, The “Uncensored War”: The
Media and Vietnam (Oxford Univ. Press, 1986)
Kathleen
J. Turner, Lyndon Johnson’s Dual War.
Vietnam and the Press (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1985)
Melvin
Small, Covering Dissent: The Media and the
Anti-Vietnam War Movement (Rutgers Univ. Press, 1994)
John
E. Mueller, War, Presidents and Public
Opinion (John Wiley & Sons, 1973)
Michael
Charlton and Anthony Moncrieff, Many
Reasons Why. The United States Involvement in the Vietnam War (Scolar Press,
1978), chs. 4-9, pp. 59-210
William
M. Hammond, The US Army in Vietnam: Public
Affairs, The Military and the Media, 1962-68 (Washington, DC, US Army Center
of Military History, 1988)
idem,
The Military and the Media, 1968-1973
(Washington, DC: US Army Center of Military History, 1991)
Sandy
Gall, Don’t worry about the money now
(Hamish Hamilton, 1983), chs. 7,8, 10, 14
William
Prochnau, Once Upon a Distant War: Young
War Correspondents and the Early Vietnam Battles (Times Books, 1995)
Neal
Sheehan, A Bright Shining Lie
Walter
Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life (Alfred
A. Knopf, 1996), pp. 240-66
Peter
Arnett, Live from the Battlefield. From
Vietnam to Baghdad, 35 Years in the World’s War Zones (Simon &
Schuster, 1994), pp. 72-307
Harrison
E. Salisbury, Behind the Lines: Hanoi
(Harper & Row, 1967)
Michael
Herr, Dispatches (Alfred A. Knopf,
1977; Picador, 1978)
James
Reston, Deadline (Simon &
Schuster, 1995)
Bernard
Fall, Vietnam Witness, 1953-1966
(Praeger, 1966)
idem,
Last Reflections on a War (Doubleday,
1967)
Jonathan
Schell, The Real War: The Classic
Reporting on the Vietnam War (Pantheon Books, 1987)
Peter
Braestrup, Big Story. How the Newspapers
reported the Tet Offensive of 1968 (Yale University Press, 1966)
T.
Louise Brown, War and Aftermath in Vietnam
(Routledge, 1991)
D.
R. Sardesai, Vietnam. The Struggle for
National Identity (Westview Press, 1992)
Steven
Hurst, The Carter Administration and
Vietnam (Macmillan, 1996)
Gabriel
Kolko, Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace
Carlyle
A. Thayer, Beyond Indochina (IISS
Adelphi Paper No. 297, pubd. by Oxford Univ. Press, 1995)
James
W. Morely and Masashi Nishihara (eds.), Vietnam
Joins the World (M. E. Sharpe, 1996)
Geoff
Simons, The Vietnam Syndrome. Its Impact
on US Foreign Policy (Macmillan, 1997)
Arnold
R. Isaacs, Vietnam Shadows. The War, its
Ghosts and Its legacy (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1997)
Leslie
H. Gelb with Richard Betts, The Irony of
Vietnam: The System Worked (Brookings Institution, 1979), ch. 13 “The
Lessons of Vietnam”, pp. 347-69
Gary
R. Hess, Vietnam and the United States.
Origins and Legacy of War (Revised edn., Twayne Publishers/Prentice Hall,
1998) ch. 7 and Epilogue
William
Head & Lawrence E. Grinter (eds.), Looking
back on the Vietnam War. A 1990s Perspective on the Decisions, Combat and
Legacies (Praeger, 1993)
Lawrence
E. Grinter and Peter M. Dunn, The American
War in Vietnam: Lessons, Legacies and Implications for Future Conflicts
(Greenwood Press, 1987)
D.
Michael Chafer, ‘The Vietnam Combat Experience: The Human Legacy’, in D. M.
Chafer (ed.), The Legacy: The Vietnam War
in the American Imagination (Beacon Press, 1990)
Robert
Buzzanco, Vietnam and the Transformation
of American Life (Blackwell, 1999)
Marilyn
B. Young, The Vietnam Wars, 1945-1991
(Harper-Perennial, 1991)
William
H. Chafe, The Unfinished Journey. America
since World War Two (Oxford
Univ. Press, 3rd. edn., 1995), chs. 7-14
Susan
Jacoby, ‘Women and the War’, in A. D. Horne (ed.), The Wounded Generation: America after Vietnam (G. P. Putnam, 1981)
Mary
Ellison, ‘Black Music and Vietnam’, in Jeffrey Walsh and James Aulich
(eds.), Vietnam Images: War and
Representation (Lumiere Macmillan, 1988)
James
W. Gibson, ‘Para-military culture’, in ibid.
John
Hellmann, American Myth and the Legacy of
Vietnam (Columbia Univ. Press, 1986)
Timothy
Lomperis and John Clark Pratt, Reading the
Wind: The Literature of the Vietnam War (Duke Univ. Press, 1987)
Philip
D. Beidler, American Literature and the
Experience of Vietnam (Univ. of Georgia Press, 1982)
Charles
E. Neu (ed.), After Vietnam. Legacies of a
Lost War (Johns Hopkins UP, 2000)
Gilbert
Adair, Hollywood’s Vietnam. From ‘The
Green Berets’ to ‘Full Metal Jacket’ (Heinemann, 1989)
Albert
Auster and Leonard Quaert, How the War was
Remembered: Hollywood and Vietnam (Praeger, 1988)
Alf
Louvre and Jeffrey Walsh, Tell Me Lies
About Vietnam. Cultural Battles for the Meaning of the War (Open University
Press, 1988)
Michael
Paris, ‘The American Film Industry and Vietnam’, in History Today vol. 37 (April, 1987)
B.
G. Burkett and Glenna Whitley, Stolen
Valor. How the Vietnam Generation was Robbed of its Heroes and its History
(Verity Press, 1998)
MSA, 2004