Mutations in Welsh

Introduction

• Purpose
• Style
• Sources
• Reference Grammars
• Specialist Studies

Purpose

These pages are intended to be a refrence book for the mutations in Welsh. They give details about:

• The mutations themselves
• The triggers which cause them, namely:
• words
• grammatical patterns

These pages do not provide theoretical accounts of the mutations. See Specialist Studies.

Style

The rules provided in these pages are based on the very formal style which is chiefly found in the traditional written language. The pages are based on the general grammar books which are given in Reference Books, and the reader can find detailed accounts in them.

Welsh speakers do not follow the same rules in the spontaneous spoken language, and descriptions of the mutations in the vernacular are given by some of of the works which are listed in Specialist Studies such as Ball (1988), and Ball and Müller (1992).

Reference Books

• Anwyl, E. (1898). Welsh Grammar, Part I Accidence, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd, New York: The MacMillan Co., tud. 76-79.
• Coleg Addysg Uwch Normal (1988). Treigliadau, Bangor, Gwynedd: Y Coleg Normal.
• Cymorth Treigliadau Cymraeg-Saesneg (1994). Geiriadur ymadroddion dwyieithog ar gyfer pob cyfrifiadur PC a phrosesyddion geiriau Windows TM 3.1. Y Drenewydd: Mike Greenwood.
• Jones, Morgan D. (1965). Cywiriadur Cymraeg, Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, tud. 86-90.
• Learning Welsh, Dysgu Cymraeg (1960). Y Pumed Llyfr, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, tud. 161-163.
• Lewis, D. Geraint (1996). Y Treigladur, Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer.
• Morgan, T.J. (1952). Y Treigladau a'u Cystrawen, Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru.
• Morris-Jones, John (1931). Welsh Syntax. An Unfinished Draft, Cardiff: The University of Wales Press Board, tud. 205-206.
• Stephen J. Williams (1959). Gramadeg Cymraeg, Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, tud. 231-235.
• Stephen J. Williams (1980). A Welsh Grammar, Caerdydd: University of Wales Press, , tud. ??? - ???.
• Thorne, D.A. (1997). Taclo'r treigladau, Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer.

Specialist Studies

• Albrow, K.H. (1966). 'Mutation in 'Spoken North Welsh'', yn C.E. Bazell, J.C. Catford, M.A.K. Halliday, ac R.H. Robins (golygyddion), In Memory of J.R. Firth, tudalennau 1-7, Llundain: Longman.
• Ball, Martin J. a Nicole Müller (1992). Mutation in Welsh, London: Routledge.
• Ball, Martin J. (1993). 'Initial-Consonant Mutation in Modern Spoken Welsh', Multilingua, cyfrol 12, rhif 2, 189-205.
• Ball, Martin J. (1989). 'The Mutations of Prepositions in Welsh', Studia Celtica, (1989-1990), cyfrol 24-25, 135-138.
• Ball, Martin J. (1988). 'Variation in the Use of Initial Consonant Mutations', in Martin Ball (golygydd) (1988), The Use of Welsh, tudalennau 70-81, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
• Ball, Martin J. (1989). 'The Soft Mutation of /g/ and Its Implications for Phonological Rule-Ordering in Welsh', Studia Celtica, (1989-1990), cyfrol 24-25, 130-134.
• Ball, Martin J. (1986). 'Exploring Stylistic Variation in the Aspirate Mutation of Welsh', Etudes Celtique, cyfrol 23, 255-264.
• Bellin, Wynford (1988). 'Linguistic Variation and Welsh Mutations in Children', yn Alan R. Thomas a Martin J. Ball (golygyddion) Methods in Dialectology, tudalennau 67-78, Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
• Borsley, Robert (1999). 'Mutation and constituent structure in Welsh', Lingua, 109:263–300.
• Borsley, Robert D, and Maggie Tallerman (1996). 'Phrases and soft mutation in Welsh', Journal of Celtic Linguistics, 5:1–49.
• Boyce, S., C.P. Brownman ac L. Goldstein (1987). 'Lexical Organization and Welsh Consonant Mutations', Journal of Memory and Language, cyfrol 26, rhif 4, 419-452.
• Hannahs, S.J. (1996). 'Phonological Structure and Soft Mutation in Welsh', yn Ursula Kleinhenz (golygydd), Interfaces in Phonology, Berlin: Akademie.
• Harlow, Steve (1989). 'The Syntax of Welsh Soft Mutation', Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, cyfrol 7, rhif 3, 289-316.
• Kibre, J. Nicholas (1997). A Model of Mutation in Welsh, Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club Publications.
• Kibre, J. Nicholas (1995). 'Word Order, Mutation and Topic in Welsh', yn Jocelyn Ahlers, Leela Bilmes, Joshua S. Guenter, Barbara A. Kaiser, Ju Namking (golygyddion) Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Meeting the Berkeley Linguistics Society February 17-20, 1995, Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
• Love, Nigel (1992). 'On the Need for a New Departure in Phonology', yn George Wolf (golygydd), New Departures in Linguistics, tudalennau 60-89, New York: Garland.
• Penny, Willis (1987). 'A Reply to T.D. Griffin,'Early Welsh Aspiration ...'', Word, cyfrol 38, rhif 1, 47-55.
• Powers, Joyce (1989). 'Mutation by Default on Welsh Finite Verbs', Working Papers in Linguistics, cyfrol 37, 62-70, Columbus, OH.
• Roberts, Ian (2005). Principles and parameters in a VSO language: A case study in Welsh., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Tallerman, Margaret Olwen (1990). 'Mutation and the Syntactic Structure of Modern Colloquial Welsh', Dissertation Abstracts International, cyfrol 50, rhif 10, 3217A.
• Tallerman, Maggie (1990). 'VSO Word Order and Consonantal Mutation in Welsh', Linguistics: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Language Sciences, cyfrol 28, rhif 3, 389-416.
• Thomas, Peter Wyn (1984). 'Variations in South Glamorgan Consonant Mutation', yn Glyn E. Jones a Martin J. Ball (golygyddion), Welsh Phonology, tudalennau 208-236, Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru.

Front Page Mutations in Welsh